The temple architecture of ancient Greece and Rome

Brought down from Mount Pinstripes, it was then transported ten miles on oxen-drawn carts to Athens. 5 The Parthenon was regarded in its prime as the finest example of a Doric temple, due mainly to the refinement of already well establish deed aspects of appeal. 6 Typically, only one order was used in the construction of temples in certain areas; Doric in western and mainland Greece, and Ionic on the coast of Asia Minor and in the Aegean islands. The Parthenon is an exception to this, however, as it contains certain Ionic elements throughout its structure also, making it unique. The home to an Ionic frieze, the Parthenon had two rooms, most likely in accordance with the sun – one west- facing that acted as a treasury, and a second separate room with its door facing east, used to contain the â€Å"cult image, the gold and ivory Athena Parthenon†, the Greek goddess of reason, intelligent activity, arts and literature. 8 Horizontal aspects such as the architrave and the as trolabe are corrected by meaner of entities, so that they do not â€Å"sag† in the middle.Also, the corner columns stand closer and thicker than their neighbors, so that they do not appear frail against the sky. It is clear that the Greeks at the time were highly skilled in both construction and aesthetic design. 3. Henry Sterile, Greece; From Mycenae to the Parthenon, Teaches Press, First Edition, 2001. P. 189 4. Robin Francis Rhodes, Architecture and Meaning on the Athenian Acropolis, Cambridge University Press, First Edition, 1998. P. 1 5. Bernard Assemble, Architect and Sculptor in Classical Greece; The Wrights Lectures: Volume 6, Phaeton Press, First Edition, 1972. . 94 6. Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/ Temple_of_Hyphenates 7. A. W. Lawrence, Greek Architecture, Yale University Press, Fifth Edition, 1996. . 77 8. Http://www. Geochronology. Com/Olympian/Athena/Athena. HTML 9. Patrick Mutagens, The Story of Architecture, Phaeton Press, Second Edition, 2004. P. 97 Doric archi tecture, further contributing to its aesthetic AAA? ¬@lllustration 5: The Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens. Built from 427 – 424 BCC, the Temple of Athena Nikkei is the first fully Ionic structure to be built atop the Athenian Acropolis.As a result, certain differences exist between itself and the previous Parthenon. Measuring a mere 11 feet in heighten, it has been described as â€Å"barely more than a treasury. 11 Of considerable elegance, the temple's four- columned inappropriately facades acted to frame a small square â€Å"NAS† measuring mm by 5, the entrance to which was preceded by two slender marble pillars. 12 The bastion face looking outwards and the end of the temple tilt towards the north wing, resulting in an altered view of the distance between the wings when viewed from the west.This also forces the corner of the facade in the north-west into line with the south wing facade. This in turn makes the temple sides point towards the Parthenon. 13 Although diff erent techniques were used, it is clear that visual manipulation was Just as prominent in the Temple of Athena Nikkei as it was in the Parthenon. As on red and black pottery, the ancient Greeks favored contrasts, especially those found in nature, and this was readily apparent through their use of marble on the frieze below the temple. 14 The temple itself, similar to the Parthenon and other Doric temples, was built using white phonetic marble.It was, however, built in stages, as war was present during the construction, and from time to time funds were cut short. The sculptural works found on the parapet consist of multiple Nines leading bulls to be sacrificed to Athena ND organizing trophies of victory. It is clear that such ideals were valued by the people of the time, and is the reason why such a great deal of effort was made when constructing temples, and their decorative features. This differs from the Parthenon in that no specific story is told. 15 Little interaction between fi gures exists and few narrative techniques are used.This is specific to the temple, and not ionic buildings as a whole. 10. Http://www. Ancient-Greece. Org/architecture/Athena-Nikkei. HTML 1 1 . Robin Francis Rhodes, Architecture and Meaning on the Athenian Acropolis, Cambridge University Press, First Edition, 1998. P. 113 12. Henry Sterile, Greece; From Mycenae to the Parthenon, Teaches Press, First Edition, 2001. P. 204 13. A. W. Lawrence, Greek Architecture, Yale University Press, Fifth Edition, 1996. P. 118 14. Joseph Rockery, The Dancing Column; On Order in Architecture, The MIT Press, First Edition, 1999. P. 230 15.Robin Francis Rhodes, Architecture and Meaning on the Athenian Acropolis, Cambridge University Press, First Edition, 1998. P. 120 ? ¬@lllustration 6: Athens, Temple of Athena Nikkei. ? ¬? ¬@Although originally based on Greek architecture, Roman temples developed so hat the Romans maintained their own distinct style. Roman temples' orientations were, and still a re, dominated by an axis, and the position of the temple in relation to the forum and the way that it is approached is an important stylistic feature. Roman temples were placed at the end of a clearly defined space.Set high on a podium, it could only be approached from the front. Greek temples differed, however, in that they were set down in an open area and approached from all sides. 16 The Romans favored the Corinthian order when building columns, as the ornamentation was an important factor in Roman architecture. As their style developed, so did the Roman arch, a very prominent aspect of many Roman buildings, including temples. 16. Leland M. Roth, Understanding Architecture; Its Elements, History, and Meaning, Western Press, Second Edition, 2007. P. 50 ? ¬The Manson Carr ©e, found in Ames in southern France, is constructed according to the Corinthian Order 17, as is seen by the presence of the Corinthian pillars, and is among the most well-preserved Roman temples of the Roman Empire. 18 The English translation is â€Å"square-house†, and is so-called because of its rectangular shape. 19 Built by Grippe in 16 BCC, the civic Roman temple was dedicated to his two sons who both died young, in an effort to show the loyalty and allegiance of the Roman colony to the imperial dynasty at the time. 0 The temple was the dominant structure in the forum of the Roman city at the time, serving as a reminder of the values that it represented to the city's inhabitants. Although including elements consistent with an Etruscan style, very prominent Greek elements were present, showing the strong influence of Greek architecture, as opposed to Roman architecture which tended towards rounded arches and domes. 1 Twenty engaged columns can be found embedded along the walls of the calla, and delicate ornamental relief carvings of acanthus leaves and rosettes, found Just beneath a row of considerably fine dentists, adorn the frieze. 2 The reason that the temple is so well- preserved today is owed to the fact that it was rededicated as a Christian church during the fourth century, saving it from the destruction inflicted on other temples after Christianity was adopted as the official state religion of Rome,23 leading us to believe that religion was a particularly prominent aspect of Roman ultra and, by extension, of the lives of the Romans themselves. ? ¬17. Http://www. Britannica. Com/Upchucked/topic/358799/Manson-Career 18. Http:// www. Sacred-destinations. Com/France/mimes-Manson-career 19. Http:// www. Formers. Mom/destinations/mimes/A30228. HTML 20. Http://www. Groundbreaking. Com/buildings/Manson_Career. HTML 21 . Http:// www. Reconstruction's. Org/Manson-career-mimes 22. Http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Manson_CarrÃÆ'CA#Awehitecture 23. httpHttpshelshelledm/ComaIsMansonrcarryeCAaAweeon in Rome, Italy, is a sthrong exstrongf an ancient Roman temple. It is worth noting that it was built as a temple to all gods, around 118 CE. 24 Semicircular arches, each of which compose two rings of brick spanning about 5 m, are found on the building's exterior between the ends of both horizontal ranges of great conical vaults.The architect most likely thought of niches before piers, based on the Roman habit of expanding centralisecentralizedth both diagonal and cardinal recesses. 25 The largest and, arguably, most impressive element of the Pantheon is its dome. Domes were often used by the ancient Romans as space was maximised maximizedme acted moma symbol for the overarching heavens. 26 The clear span of the dome is 43. 3 m. 27 The Romans were aware of the large weights of the materials they were using and because of this they gradually decreased the thickness of the dome as it increased in height.

Intellectual Reasoning vs. Instinct

It has been said from Plato onward that man's reasoning is his highest faculty and makes him superior to animals. In the short story â€Å"To Build a Fire,† by Jack London, man’s intellectual reasoning ability is regarded as â€Å"second class† to that of the survival mechanism that is embedded within humans and animals alike. This survival mechanism is sometimes referred to as instinct. If solely depended on, man’s intellectual reasoning may be clouded, imprudent and even detrimental, leading him to the wrong decision.Instinct, on the other hand, is a natural reaction pre-programmed into man for survival and cannot be altered by reasoning, making it superior to reason. As the story opens, the man clearly understands that the â€Å"day had broken cold and gray, exceedingly cold and gray,† and still he insists on continuing his journey (650). The fact that the temperature is below freezing did not seem to bother him. He is ignorant of the cold.As he stands surveying the snow covered Yukon trail, â€Å"the mysterious, far-reaching hair-line trail, the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all—made no impression on him† (651). He is determined to join the boys at camp to enjoy the warmth, food, and companionship regardless of the weather. The man is very observant about his surroundings, however, â€Å"he was without imagination† (651). The temperature is about seventy-five degrees below zero, which means that it is about one hundred and seven degrees below freezing.To him, the air is cold and uncomfortable, and nothing more. He ignores the fact that he is a warm blooded creature and as such only able to survive at certain temperatures. Anything beyond that range requires not only intellectual reasoning ability but also instinct. The big native husky that accompanies him on his journey is his only companion. The animal can adapt to the cold weather, but on t his occasion it is very apprehensive about traveling in the extreme cold. The dog’s instinct â€Å"knew that it was not time for traveling.Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the man’s judgment† (652). The dog does not understand how temperature is measured or even how a thermometer works. It inherited this instinctual ability from its ancestry. It relies on this innate ability for survival. It craves warmth, and knows that man can create fire and warmth. Its instinct for warmth and survival tells it this is not a time to be traveling. The man stops at each creek or river bend, and observes â€Å"the changes around the creek, the curves and bends and timber-jams† (653).He knows if he walks on ice that is not frozen to the bottom he will crack the ice cap and break through it. Breaking through the ice will cause him to get wet. Under such an extreme, bitter cold temperature, being wet can be fatal. The man tries to compel the dog to go ahead. However, it hesitates. It will not go and stays back until â€Å"the man shoved it forward, and then it went quickly across† (653). The dog brakes through the ice and scampers back on land. Quickly, it begins to â€Å"lick off its legs, then dropped down in the snow and began to bite out the ice that had formed between the toes† (653).This is not a matter of intellectual reasoning but rather instinct. Because the dog is now wet and cold, the dog is apprehensive about traveling further. The relationship between the man and the dog is like that of an owner to an animal. There is no â€Å"keen intimacy between the dog and the man, the dog made no effort to communicate its apprehension to the man† (654). When the man finally reaches the left fork on the other side of the creek, he did not see signs of any springs. Once again, the man is relies on his visual perception, but he fails to recognize the danger.He thinks it is not necessary to send the dog ah ead because he did not see any signs of danger. Unfortunately, at a place â€Å"where the soft, unbroken snow seemed to advertise solidity beneath, the man broke through† (655). He is now wet from the waist down to his foot-gear. He escapes from the water and quickly works to build a fire. Memories of old-timer on Sulphur Creek creep into his consciousness. The old-timer repeatedly warned him of extreme cold temperatures in the Klondike, cautioning him not to travel alone without a partner when the temperature is fifty below or colder.The man laughed and thought, â€Å"the old-timer was rather womanish† (656). In his haste to start a fire, he did not notice that he built it under a spruce tree. The tree held the weight of the snow from many previous storms. Each time the man pulled on a twig, the tree moved. Finally, the branches released the snow, sending it falling down onto to man and extinguishing the fire. Standing in disbelief, he â€Å"heard his own death sente nce. † (656). Again, his memories returned to the old-timer on Sulphur Creek.Maybe the older-timer is right—â€Å"after fifty below, a man should travel with a partner† (657). With his life at the mercy of nature, he recognizes his foolishness. His final attempt to rebuild a fire is unsuccessful. He sees the dog and remembers a tale of a man who was caught in a blizzard. This man survived by killing a steer and crawling inside the cavity to keep warm. Perhaps killing the dog and burying his hands in its body will thaw them so he can build a fire. He calls to the dog, but the dog senses a â€Å"strange note in his voice that frightened it† (658).Its instinct senses danger – â€Å"it knew not what danger, but somewhere, somehow, in its brain arouses an apprehension of the man† (658). The dog stays clear of the man. Instinct is a natural part of every living creature. Its purpose is to alert its owner of impending danger, to override reason, to survive. The dog, through its instinct, is aware of the life-threatening conditions in the Yukon. The man, thinking he is smarter than nature, relies on his knowledge and ignores his instinct. By relying on his knowledge, mistakenly believing it to be his highest faculty, he ultimately forfeits his life.

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is a sequence of events in the life of a cell, including cell division. Cell division distributes identical sets of chromosomes to daughter cells. This process is used for reproduction, growth, and repair in the body. The cell cycle can be broken down into two parts: interphase and the mitotic (M) phase. Interphase, a growth period, alternates with mitosis and accounts for 90 percent of the cell cycle. During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis. This phase can be broken down into 3 sub phases: G1, S, and G2. During the G1 or first gap phase, the cell grows and performs normal metabolic roles, including producing proteins and organelles. During the S phase, which stands for synthesis of DNA, the cell’s chromosomes are copied. Lastly, in the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. This phase of the cell cycle is regulated by stop and go signals called checkpoints, which are located between G1 and S, G2 and M, and M and G1. These make sure that the cell cycle can proceed and is being performed correctly. The hallmark of this phase is that the DNA appears as loosely packed chromatin and the centrioles are together. Centrioles play an important role in animal cell division. They are composed of microtubules which become spindle fibers that guide the movement of chromosomes in mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, which accounts for only 10 percent of the cell cycle. Mitosis can be broken down into five sub phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase; cytokinesis takes place last. In prophase, the chromatin condenses to chromosomes and the two sister chromatid are joined at the centromere. As the centrioles begin to separate, the mitotic spindle, made of microtubules, begins to form and the nucleolus disappears. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane dissolves, which allows the spindle to interact with the chromosomes, although the spindle isn’t fully formed yet. The sister chromatids of the chromosomes develop proteins within the centromeres called kinetochores. These allow the chromosomes to attach to the microtubules of the spindle, which are called kinetochore microtubules. Nonkinetochore microtubules aren’t connected to chromosomes, but they interact with other microtubules rom the other pole of the cell. By metaphase, the centrioles are at the opposite poles of the cell and the spindle is fully formed. The chromosomes, attached to the spindle, move to the middle of the cell and line up at the imaginary metaphase plate. Anaphase begins when the centromeres of the chromosomes split and the chromatid is now a chromosome. The chromosomes begin to move to ward the opposite poles of the cell and the poles move farther apart. In telophase, two daughter nuclei form at the poles of the cell, the nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappears, and the chromosomes unravel. Cytokinesis, the splitting of the cytoplasm, occurs simultaneously as telophase. Two daughter cells appear by the creation of a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell in two. After mitosis, the cell can grow and mature to divide again like epithelial, blood, and stem cells, or grow and mature to never divide again like brain, nerve, and muscle cells. These cells go to the G0 phase, a non-dividing resting period. Liver cells can be called back from the G0 phase to divide again, which makes the liver the only organ to regenerate. This demonstrates the importance of the cell cycle.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 25

Compare and contrast - Essay Example tly, Barbara Ehrenrich’s piece, â€Å"Serving in Florida† relates a very personal tale of the hardship that an individual seeking to earn a living on minimum wage faces. Taking this experience on as a project, Ehrenrich soon realizes that in order to afford the rent, utilities and fuel that will take her back and forth to her minimum wage job she will need to take on another minimum wage job to break even. Although it would have been possible for the writer to engage the reader on a purely economic level of understanding, Ehrenrich’s piece is instead deeply emotional as the reader comes to an appreciation of the fact that the current system creates a virtual trap by which people are forced to work themselves to an early death; just as a function of â€Å"breaking even† (Ehrenrich 9). As Ehrenrich notes, this is in stark contrast to the sacrifices that previous generations have made in order to save and slowly lift themselves out of poverty. Moving on to the second article, entitled â€Å"Culture of Success†, the reader can note that the personal tone that Ehrenrich engages is missing. Instead, the focus is placed on the fact that the labor market is flooded with college graduates; which in turn reduces the incentive for an individual to saddle themselves with mountains of debt that a college degree necessarily creates. The hardship, as the article implies, is the fact that the college degree no longer guarantees economic success for the future aspirations of the individuals that receive it. Instead, a saturated job market is proliferated by individuals with college debt and rather useless college degrees; creating a situation in which the incentive to gain higher education has all but evaporated (Brinck 4). Another differentiation that is impacting upon the job market has to do with the fact that fewer and fewer minorities are making the decision to invest the time and money that is required for a college degree . Reviewing this decision from the standpoint

International Business Culture and Diversity Case Study

International Business Culture and Diversity - Case Study Example Work behaviors vary from one culture to another. Even the organizational culture in place in a multinational company cannot totally dispel the influence of national culture. Organizational culture, in fact, has been known to blow up the members' national culture and gives emphasis to it In the light of the foregoing, culture does figure importantly in the day-to-day affairs of a company, whether or not it is actively into transactions that involve importing or exporting. Even companies that cater purely to local markets are confronted by cultural diversity amongst their employees, their suppliers, their clients, and other people that they do business with.At the onset of globalization, it was believed to bring about some sort of similarity, if not uniformity, of the world's cultures with one another. Although globalization did bring about an awakening to millions of people who used to think that life in their country is almost all there is to living in this world, it failed to make p eople of different races embrace a new culture that can be said to represent all the people of the world. In fact, it is when people of different cultures get together that their distinct traits, beliefs and habits become their source of identity, security and confidence.And so it was in the case of Ray Cisneros, who flew from Los Angeles to Buenos Aires to close a business deal. While his bosses believed him to be the best choice as the company representative because of his culture - his Hispanic background and capability to speak in Spanish - and his drive to excel, he found himself having to cope with issues that basically originated from the culture of the other party, the Argentinean executives. Cross-Cultural Differences Author Wederspahn names two levels that people of two or more different cultures go through before coming to the point when they are able to use the uniqueness of their individual cultures for the good of their common cause. The first level is where cultural dominance reigns. Each party would try to influence the other based on nothing but just culture. In this level, neither party acknowledges that there are cultural differences to be considered; each party would assume that the other will submit to his culture. (1989) Thus, Ray Cisneros flew to Buenos Aires with intentions of doing his presentation shortly after his arrival and with the belief that the Argentinean executives would agree to stick to his planned schedule. Meanwhile, the Argentinean executives arranged to let Ray Cisneros go sightseeing during his first days in Buenos Aires and then to meet him two days later. They were two parties from two distinct cultures, and each one naturally assumed that the other would agree to the designed schedule. This scenario illustrates the first level where cultural dominance is the name of the game. The second level brings in cultural compromise and the synergy that is achieved through it. In this level, the concerned parties learn to meet halfway to come up with alternatives that would be mutually beneficial. This can be attained even with the existence of cultural differences; it is a matter of acknowledging such differences and focusing more on common values and priorities. (Wederspahn 1989) This second level would ideally bring about a fruitful ending to the uncomfortable initial part of the negotiations between Ray Cisneros and the Argentinean executives. In this level, both parties would look beyond their individual feelings, reservations, plans, intentions and hopes for the meetings that are to be held and would instead dwell on the success and benefits that can be generated for both sides by a well-concluded discourse. The motives, plans, moods and behavior of Ray Cisneros and the Argentinean executives could be traced to the general characteristics of their respective cultures. Indeed, adequate information on the American culture and the Argentine

D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

D - Essay Example "In today's business, the workforce comprises of people who are diverse in their nationality, religion, caste, race, age, education and even socioeconomic status. They are all expected to work together as a team towards the success of the organization. "(How to resolve ethical dilemmas in business). When there is diversity, people are sure to have different mind sets but this does not mean that the business they are involving themselves in shouldn't follow the ethics. Ethics are very important these days and no company can survive without following ethics, profit making is another thing but profit making and abiding by the ethical responsibility is a completely different thing. I am very eager to learn about developing an effective ethical program in order to learn how to do business and how to simultaneously abide by ethics. Doing so ensures the complete progress of the business. Ethics are like moral values and if a business loses morals, profit making would be of very little use. There are several ethical issues like discrimination, racism etc at the workplace.

Taxation law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taxation law - Essay Example The main issue that arises is the income tax being payable in one case and exempted in the other. Why Dixon’s income is assessable income but Scott’s income decided to be a gift. Tax payer Scott was employed as a clerk by a firm, which was a shipment agency. His annual salary being 250 pounds and declared taxable by the taxation commissioner. This taxpayer respondent, Dixon, enlisted himself in the armed forces hence ceasing his employment with the former employer. The employer of the respondent came up with a policy that of compensating their employees by paying the difference between the pay in the respondents’ income currently being their employee and while being a staff member of the armed forces (Woellner, Vella & Burns, 1993).  . The respondent tax payer, after serving the armed forces joined his firm again in January 1946. An assessable income is the amount of money one makes within any given year that is subject to income tax. It is the sum of the money one has made from his job or by selling his property or any sort of investment or liquidation involved in ones total revenue held. In this particular case the tax commissioner was leading the case in terms of section 25 of the income tax assessment act 1936. 104 pounds were included in the tax payers’ assessable income in terms of section 25 (Woellner & CCH Australia Limited, 1987). ... The main difference between Dixon’s case and Scott’s case is the payable tax to be held with effect of 2 different sections of the act. Section 25 constitutes tax payment through means of assessable income whereas s 26e is tax to be paid on any type of income earned through means of a reward.in any sense be a recompense or consequence of the continued or contemporaneous existence of the relation of employer and employee or a reward. In Scott v Federal Commissioner for Taxation the tax payer is a solicitor who had known her client, a widow for quite some time now. She regularly visited the tax payer who dealt her with regard to being a solicitor but had been involved in constituting business together for some time now. Mrs. Freestone the client now trusted the tax payer who was make representations on her behalf to all legal matters related to a land called green acres which was under a restriction from the local government. Mrs. Free stone while making several attempts in lifting these bans was unsuccessful and decided to allow her solicitor deal with this matter who was later successful in lifting the restriction. Later, part of the green acres plot was sold in which the solicitor had played an important role. Later Mrs. Freestone had already decided to give out some of her estate and her money as a reward to people. Out of which 10,000 was to be paid to the tax payer as a reward. The main argument that led to the case in Scott v FCT was that 10000 pounds paid by Mrs. Free stone was either a reward to her solicitor, the tax payer or a fee rendered to him in terms of the services provided by him. It was established and proved later that this was a mere reward in return of his kindness and friendship

Capital Investment Proposal of Mineral Plc Essay - 8

Capital Investment Proposal of Mineral Plc - Essay Example The objective of this report, therefore, is to consider the soundness of the proposed capital investment from the angles of financial feasibility, country risk of Medco Republic and the foreign exchange risk in undertaking transactions in the currency of Medco Republic as against the British Pounds as the investments the commitment of substantially larger sums by the Company to be recouped over a longer period. The analysis is based on a review of the net cash flows from the project using the recognized capital budgeting evaluation methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), taking the weighted average cost of capital of the Company of 15% as the hurdle rate and the rate for discounting the present value of future cash flows from the project.Financial Feasibility The financial feasibility of any capital investment proposal can be judged based on the ability of the project to enhance the shareholders’ wealth by contributing positive net cash inflows from the proposed investments. Just any other domestic capital project is being evaluated, for the international investments can also be evaluated by calculating the ‘Net Present Value’ (NPV) future cash flows expected out of the project. The NPV of the project depends on the initial investment or initial cash flow, expected future cash flows and the cost of capital. Based on the comparison of the NPV of the future cash flows with the proposed capital investment the feasibility of the project can be established. While working out the NPV the effect of the factors like Sales creation (additional sales), cannibalization (loss of sales), opportunity cost, transfer pricing and fees and royalties on the future cash flows should be taken into account. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR ) is the other criterion that needs to be carefully looked into while deciding on the capital investment.In the case of the proposed capital investment proposals, the NPV and IRR from the projects have been worked out and exhibited in the Appendix. From the NPV calculations, it is observed that the project has a negative net present value which implies that the project is not acceptable.

Review the arguments and evidence for and against the efficient market Essay

Review the arguments and evidence for and against the efficient market hypothesis and discuss whether the recent financial crisis has caused the hypothesis irreparable damage - Essay Example The global financial crisis has made a huge impact on modern financial theory which was based on the hypothesis that the financial markets were more or less efficient. Many economists and writers were respected the efficient market hypothesis. Economists Robert Shiller touted EMH as the most important theory in the history of economics. This report will look at the implication of efficient market hypothesis in the functioning of the financial markets. It will focus the disadvantage of EMH and why some analyst wants to reject this hypothesis permanently. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is an investment theory in finance that states it is impossible to beat the market because the efficiency in the stock market leads to the reflection of all relevant information in the prices of shares. According to this theory, the trading of stocks always takes place at their fair values on every stock exchange. Hence it is impossible for investors to purchase stocks that are undervalued and also to sell stocks at a higher price than its fair market price. In this regard, it is not possible to outperform the return of the overall market through expert opinion on stock selection and also by timing the market. The theory also mentions that investors are left with only one way to obtain higher returns and it is through purchasing investments that are riskier in nature. The financial crisis of the year 2008-09 has left the economies of Europe and US vastly devastated. The rate of unemployment has reached very high and the economies in the US, Europe a nd also other countries are performing well below their economic capacity. The crisis has shaken the theory of efficient market hypothesis which assumes the existence of efficiency in every financial market. According to EMH, public information is reflected in the asset prices without any delay. It also suggests that the availability of any information which may affect the future price of any stock is already reflected in the

HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

HW - Assignment Example It relates to the growth of MNC by evaluating the stages that an international product has to go through thus revealing product decline and appreciations as a result of competition c. Low home inflation will mean high consumption and less saving. This will in turn increase imports and reduce export thus increasing deficit in a country’s current account. Foreign imports will signify a strong competition thus low inflation. The demand for South Korean won will increase with the increase in demand for imports. The supply for South Korean won will reduce due to increase in its exports. The result will be a shift in equilibrium value of the South Korean won upwards, thus increasing its value. The high interest rates in US will increase demand for US currency as a result of hot money flows. This will see appreciation in US dollar demand for Argentina pesos will decrease, while its supply will increase. The equilibrium value for the pesos will thus depreciate Rise in income levels of US will increase demand and consumption thus increasing imports. The demand for British pounds will increase, while supply for British pound for sale will decrease, the equilibrium value of the British pound will increase thus signifying an appreciation in the value of British pound b. In speculating, the speculators who anticipate for appreciation of the currency will purchase the future contracts of the currency as opposed to those who anticipate the currency’s decline who will sell currency future contracts of that currency When the US based firm wants to lock its maximum price to be paid for euros in future, then the US firm can consider purchasing a call option for euros. Similarly, when the US firm wants the price of its receivables to be lock at minimum prices for the euros, then the US firm can consider put option on euros. A speculator should purchase a call option of Australian dollar when the Australian dollar is devalued and low compared

Distinguish between inculpatory and exculpatory evidence. What is the Essay

Distinguish between inculpatory and exculpatory evidence. What is the significance of each Include APA formatted in-text citations to document any sources quoted or paraphrased - Essay Example The knife can therefore be described as inculpatory evidence against the man (Sperry, 2006). Conversely, exculpatory evidence is evidence that favors the defendant in a criminal lawsuit (Sperry, 2006). It tends to absolve the defendant of any guilt that the case had placed on him or her. It is the direct opposite of the inculpatory type of evidence which tends to enhance the guilt of the defendant in a criminal case (Sperry, 2006). Many countries around the globe such as the United States of America, enforce policies that restrains the prosecutors in their courts from disclosing any of this type of evidence. This evidence is only released when the defendant in a criminal lawsuit makes a claim of being guilty or not being guilty (Sperry, 2006). A good example of such evidence exists where a witness comes up in a criminal lawsuit and absolves the accused person of all the blame in

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay Example for Free

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay Psychology itself attempts to define people’s behavior through aspects of the human minds ability to process information and stimulants. The diversity of psychology is very evident within the many different branches of the American Psychological Association, each addressing a unique perspective within psychology of understanding human behavior (Plante, 2011). This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many different subfield specialties. This paper will discuss the subfields of psychology, the importance of diversity, and the practical applications of psychological principles. The Impact of Diversity in Psychology Each of the major concepts within psychology emphasizes different parts of human behavior, such as the cognitive, social, spiritual, and unconscious factors, which contribute to a person’s behavior. One main defining feature of psychology is that it is a data based scientific study of behavior, in which each step of research used to procure knowledge has contributed to advancements in the development of sound theories within psychology. Three important features related to the science of psychology include the use of systematic empiricism, the production of public awareness, and the examination of problems (Plante, 2011). Psychology attempts to understand and explain psychological phenomenon using empirical techniques to advance scientifically. As the study of psychology progresses, it has further advanced into a diverse field. Subfields within Psychology Some of the major divisions of psychology include clinical psychology, psychotherapy, forensic psychology, industrial/organizational psychology, and environmental psychology. These major fields of psychology then branch off into subfields within psychology. One such example is Abnormal Psychology, which derives itself from roots in psychotherapy, clinical psychology and even neuroscience. Abnormal psychology studies abnormal behavior and psychopathology and emphasizes the research and treatment of mental disorders (Plante, 2011). Within Abnormal psychology there are further subtopics such as each individual mental illness and their implications on behavior, in addition to treatments for such disorders, illnesses and diseases which could also vary based on subtopic. Another good example of a subfield within psychology is Lifespan Development, which derives its roots from developmental psychology, the nature vs nurture psychological debate and behavioral psychology. Lifespan Development devotes it’s time to studying the effects of childhood development on human growth and the lifespan of an individual and their experiences. Lifespan development aids in the popular ideas of raising children and disciplining unruly teens. In addition Lifespan Development seeks to understand and justify adult behavior based on childhood experiences, and then retrain the adult to more practical behavioral practices. This type of theory can be applied in contemporary society through detention and juvenile delinquent facilities (Landrum Davis, 2010). Conclusion Psychology is a scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The discipline is divided into a variety of subfields, each focusing on specific areas of psychological functioning. The diversity of the discipline allows psychologists a broader array of speculation to advance in areas of understanding, prediction, explanation, and intervention measures. Psychological principles can be applied to a wide variety of human functioning including clinical diagnosis, personality measures, legal operations, phobia treatments, and many more. The discipline of psychology focuses on behavior and mental processes advancing the field with scientific techniques to help optimize the lives of others. The diverse character of the psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral perspectives exemplifies the distinct nature of psychological perspectives, although both support the unifying goal of psychology to improve the quality of life for people and resolve human conflict. Although viewpoints and perspectives in the science of psychology sometimes appear different in nature, each attempts to address disease and disorder from its distinct scientific point of reference. Each perspective addresses human behavior from a distinct viewpoint, although none is an all-encompassing. Diversity permeates the major perspectives in psychology as well as their divisions and subtopics, which affects other disciplines as well as secular and popular thought. Abnormal psychology and lifespan development affect thought in education and neuroscience as well as other disciplines and fields of psychology (Plante, 2011).

Effect of outdoor play on children

Effect of outdoor play on children The aim of this project is to explore the effect of outdoor play on childrens social, emotional and physical development. According to Bruce (2004) play is probably one of the least understood aspects of an early-childhood practitioners work (p.135). The conceptualisation of play is shared by many other early childhood practitioners for whom play is considered essential, as an activity promoting learning (p.135). Outdoor play is a much needed activity in the early childhood. You may have come across a child playing and you are sure he/she is having a fun time. Therefore, play is the building block of a childs intellectual skills. Through play child develops social, emotional and physical skills. The outdoors according to Letter Wyver (2008) presents obvious opportunities to move and be active, and for children to discover and engage with the natural environment, as well as the chance for open ended activities such as sand water play, construction and pretend play. According to Hutt et al (1989, p.10) the emotional and social development of pre-school children depends crucially upon play while Penn (2008) asserts that to learn about child development is to learn about Piaget (p.41). As Piaget focused on how children acquire knowledge, he tried to understand how children change the way they think, how babies show intense reactions to external stimuli them (Penn, 2008). Ibid (2008) asserts that it was Piaget who provided a theoretical legitimating of learning through play. In addition, Berk (2009), Keenan (2002) Bruce (2004) are firm believers that children actively explore their environment and are influential in shaping their own knowledge. They believe that it was through social interaction with more experienced and more knowledgeable members of the society parents, relatives, teachers, peers etc. that children are able to acquire the knowledge and skills that a culture deems to be important According to Bruce (2004) there is no clear definition for play. It is still an umbrella world (Ibid, 1991), while other early childhood practitioners defined play as childs work. Play is primary way children express their social nature (Strickland et al, 2003). Ibid (2003) argued that all kids enjoy playing alone some of the time; while some prefer to play with others (social play) much of the time. Play is an integral part of learning. Piaget defined play as a kind of scientific rehearsal (Penn, 2008; p.43). While Bitton (2010) stated that play offers a meaningful context for children and that it is only when a situation has meaning and purpose ED3000 0749364 that children can function at a higher level (p.49). Childrens emotions are ways in which they react to situations while social development refers to how they get alone with peers and form relationships (Ashiabi, 2007). Furthermore, emotional and social developments are linked because childrens social interactions are usually emotionally charged (Ibid, 2007). To clearly explore the role of outdoor play on social, emotional and physical development. Strickland et al (2003) asserts that outdoor play is critical to the social development of 3-4 year old children, and to girls in particular when it comes to building self confidence (p.2). In addition, children learn to be more empathy and less egocentric through play and they develop more skills for coping with conflict while boys tend to engage in more social dramatic outdoor play than indoors; outdoor play allows boys who are more physical to assume leadership roles (Srickland, 2002) and perhaps get more positive affirmation than they do inside. White (2007) confirmed that when given the choice, the outdoors is where most children want to be and playing outdoors is preferable to indoors. In support of this argument, Eustice Heald (1992) argued that outdoor play is an extension of classroom activities which summarises the beliefs of early year management that children learn best by explorin g, investigating and solving problems outdoors (p.7). While Alfano (2010) asserts that playing outdoors is a form of exercise that promotes well-being and wholesome physical developments; and that children are naturally drawn to active play outdoors. One of the obvious benefits of getting kids outside to play is the increased exercise they will be getting as opposed to setting in front of the T.V. or computer. Most early years scholars have also assert that when children play outdoors they are developing mentally, emotionally, socially, and physically. This view is supported by Johnson et al (2002) that children gain lots of opportunities outside to develop basic social skills and social competencies e.g. running, jumping cycling, hide and seek, sing; sensing, make noise, make mess, crawl, and explore the natural world unchallenged. While Brice (2004) viewed that through play, children develop initiative and are strengthened to face challenges in life (p.134). More so, playing outdoors reduces stress in kids. Children express and work out emotional aspects of everyday experiences through unstructured play (Levesque. 2011). Whilst Strickland (2002) argued that there are also opportunities for emotional development as children test their limit and challenge themselves to try things that may be just at the edge of their reach ED3000 0749364 Moreover, most theorists found that pretend play outdoors was the most dominant form of play (Bulton, 2002). Perhaps thats why theorists such as Piaget and Vygotsky assert that pretend play provides children with opportunities to practice grown up and perspective talking (Ashiabi, 2007; p.2002). Also, in pretend play a child is always above his average age (Penn, 2008; p.44) and above their daily behaviour. In addition, Wyver Little (2008) asserts that play also facilitates language development, creative thinking and problem-solving; and helps children deal with complex and competing emotions. In view of the above statement, parents should allow their children play with other children because it helps in the emotional and social development. Although social and emotional benefits of outdoor play may not be in clear cut, one benefit from research is that it allows kids to move freely, make noise and self-express themselves in ways that many not be encouraging inside. Outside play encourages logical thinking and the ability to reason through highly interactive activities such as building sand-castles, playing games with friends, playing puzzles with friends etc. Time spent outside with peers helps to create social skills that are needed for great healthy friendship (Brouillette, 2010). While Froebal cited by Bruce (2004) stated that play is the highest level of learning.activities of the child (p.132). While Siraj-Blatchford et al (2002) cited by Bruce (2004) shows that the richest play is found especially in nursery schools. According to Little Wyver (2008) the significanc e of outdoor play as an essential part of every childs life has also been acknowledged by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 31 supports a childs right to rest and leisure, and to participate in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child. There are other reasons why playing outdoor is important for children, according to Stewart (2010) when children play outside, they are more likely to maintain a healthy weight because they get the chance to burn off extra calories by running, jumping, climbing, riding bikes, yelling etc. which can also lead to better sleep. Also, the above exercise help children to develop small and large muscles, strengthened bones, increases flexibility, fine and gross motor skills and improves their overall health (Ibid, 2010). In addition, outdoor play is important in early childhood because it helps in the physical development of the child as ED3000 0749364 obesity is a common problem among children today (Pillar, 2010). Therefore, engaging in outdoor play helps in preventing childhood obesity. More so, Vitamin D is essential for the skin and can only be derived by playing outdoors as it is impossible to get an adequate amount from food and vitamins alone. Getting kids outdoor increases the exposure to sun and their natural production of Vitamin D. In contrary to the above advantages of outdoor play, White (2007) argued that today it seems that the motivation for childrens outdoor play has declined because global society is very busy in its day-to-day activities and over protected parents. Furthermore, many school age children have too much homework after school, therefore having less time for outdoor play. Whilst those without homework are too busy/lazy watching T.V, playing computer games, or pre-occupied chatting with friends on-line. Lastly, some parents are too busy with work and other activities (watching T.V, Football, cooking) to see to their childrens adequate outdoor play. Some parents are so paranoid that every man outside the street with big glasses/spectacles is a pervert or paedophile waiting to attack or abduct their children as they play outside. Furthermore, social and environmental factors have greatly impacted on childrens opportunities for outdoors play. Little Wyver (2008) asserts that where once children may have spent time playing in the street riding bicycle, playing chasing games, and hide seek etc, increased traffic has made these areas and play opportunities off-limits for children as the changes are far too great. Children are now confined to classroom, backyards or local parks for relatively safe places to play. Also, Ibid (2008) stated that increase demand for housing in many areas, particularly urban areas, is eroding childrens play ground. Lastly, according to Johnson et al (2005) providing for outdoor play needs for children is a complex and challenging task. A variety of factors must be considered, including the various play needs of young children, supervision, safety etc. while many educators, politicians, and parents believe outdoor play takes time away from academic activities; as a result, recess and physical education in many schools is limited or totally eradicated (Sutterby Frost, 2002 cited by Johnson et al, 2005). Word Counts: 1,613

Types of Views in Engineering Drawing

Types of Views in Engineering Drawing INTRODUCTION: Engineering drawings are often referred to as Blueprints . However, the terms are becoming an anachronism since most copies of engineering drawings that were made using a chemical-printing process that yielded graphics on blue-coloured paper or of blue-lines on have been superseded by more modern reproduction processes that yield black or multicolour lines on the white paper. The more generic term Print is in common usage in the U.S. to mean any paper copy of the engineering drawing. It can now be produced using computer technology. Drawings are extracted from 3-dimensional computer models and can be printed as 2-dimensional drawings on various media formats . Engineered computer models can also be printed in 3-dimensional form using special 3D printers. The process of producing engineering drawing , and the skill of producing , is often refered to as technical drawing , although technical drawings are also required for disciplines that would not ordinarily be thought as parts of engineering. ENGINEERING DRAWING The engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing , created within the technical drawing discipline , and is used to define the requirements for engineered items. It is usually created in accordance with standard conventions for layout, nomenclature , interpretation , appearance , etc. One such standard convention is called GD T . The purpose of engineering drawing is to capture all the geometric features of a product or a component accurately and unambiguously. Its end goal is to convey the information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component. Engineering Drawings : Common Features Geometry- shape of the object ; represented as views and how the object will look when viewed from various standard directions , such as front , top , side, etc. Dimensions size of the object captured in accepted units . Tolerances allowable variations for every dimension . Material represents what the item is made of . Finish specifies the surface quality of item, functional or cosmetic. Different types of projections: Orthogonal projection Auxiliary projection Isometric projection Oblique projection Perspective projection ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION Orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection , here the view direction is orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in each plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on viewing surface. It is further divided into Multiview Orthographic projections and Axonometric projection. This projection shows that the object as it looks from the front, right , left, top, bottom, or back, and are positioned relative to each other according to the rules of either first-angle or third-angle projection. ÂÂ § First-angle projection is the ISO standard and is primarily used in Europe. The 3-D object is projected into 2-D paper space as if you were looking at an X-ray of object : top view is under the front view, the right view is at the left of the front view. ÂÂ § Third-angle projection is primarily used in the United States and Canada, where it is a default projection system according to BS 8888:2006, the left view is placed on left and the top view on the top. All views are not necessarily used, and determination of surface constitutes the front, back, top and bottom varies depending on projection used. Multiview Orthographic Projections With this projection , upto six pictures of an object are produced , with each projection plane parallel to one of the co-ordinate axes of object. The views are positioned relative to each other according to either of two schemes first angle or third angle projection. The appearances of views may be of as being projected onto planes that form a six-sided box around the object. Although six different sides can be drawn three sides of a drawing give enough information to make a three-dimensional object. All these views are known as front view, top view and right side view. AUXILIARY PROJECTIONS The auxiliary view is an orthographic view that is projected into any plane other than one of the 6 principal views. The views are used when an object contains some sort of the inclined plane. Using the auxiliary view allows for inclined plane to be projected in true size and shape. The true size and shape of any feature in a technical drawings can only be known when the Line of Sight is perpendicular to the plane which is considered as reference. Drawing Auxiliary Views Despite of the fact that auxiliary views are projected onto planes which are inclined to the principal projection planes , they are still classified as orthographic-views. The LOS are still parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection . Thus when reading lines on the object in this view adjacent to a principal view , the same rules apply to reading lines in adjacent principal-views. To utilize this view to show a surface true size , a view must exist or be drawn where that surface appears as a line . It is not possible to show an oblique surface in a primary auxiliary view. Once a given view showing the surface as a line is identified. Complete auxiliary views are not commonly drawn in industry. It is much more common to see partial auxiliary-views that show only TS features. Since most of the other surfaces will be fore-shortened , a complete auxiliary-view becomes more difficult to read . Isometric Projection The isometric projection shows the object from the angles in which the scales along each axis of the object are equal. This projection corresponds to the rotation of the object by ÂÂ ± 45ÂÂ ° about the vertical axis followed by the rotation of approximately ÂÂ ± 35.264ÂÂ ° about the horizontal-axis starting from an orthographic projection view. Isometric comes from Greek for Same Measure. One of the things that makes this view of drawing so attractive is the ease with which 60 degree angles can be constructed with a compass and straightedge only. EXAMPLE: The following example shows the elevation of a slab of wood having the raised panel. This plane is either turned down into the horizontal plane or is wheeled into the vertical plane. This projection is a type of axonometric projection. The other two types of axonometric projection are : Di-metric Projection Tri-metric Projection Oblique projection The oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing the pictorial and 2-D images of 3-D objects Example :- The following example shows the oblique projection of a camera This projection projects an image by the intersecting parallel-rays From the 3-D source object with drawing surface. Here in both the oblique-projection and the orthographic-projection , parallel lines of source object produce parallel lines in the projected image. Perspective Projection The Perspective projection is the approximate representation on a flat surface , of the image perceived by the eyes. The most characteristic features of this projection are that objects are drawn : Smaller as their distance from the observer increases Foreshortened : the size of an objects dimensions along the line of sight are relatively shorter than dimensions across the line of sight . In perspective view of drawing , every set of parallel lines has its own vanishing point . To draw one-point perspective , subjects are arranged so that one set of lines has a vanishing point right in front of us, and the set at right-angles goes out to infinity on each side parallel , either straight up or straight across.

Corporate Accountability CRP :: essays research papers

Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corporate Accountability   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate accountability is an important subject in today’s society, in reading â€Å"Corporate Culpability Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines,† by Jennifer Moore it is obvious that she feels very strongly that corporations are not being held accountable for their actions. Jennifer argues that employees are often blamed for their actions, but are simply complying with their job. This is very insightful, and I find it very hard to disagree with her logic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She starts her argument by rejecting the idea that â€Å"it is sometimes difficult to locate the specific corporate agents responsible for a criminal act (171).† The rejection is not meant to infer that it is always easy to find the person at blame, but simply that this point has to do with prosecutors evidence and not the philosophical issue. Jennifer believes that because responsibility is spread throughout many different areas in the corporation, and decisions follow the same path, â€Å"there may in fact be no individual or group of individuals that is â€Å"justly to blame† for the crime (171).† The idea that many of us notice everyday, in many cases we as employees act blindly in accordance with policy, not exerting any control over the situations, and can therefore not be held accountable. In this respect the corporation is to be held accountable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From my viewpoint, while I represent the company during work hours, and the company reaps the benefits of my good nature, they should also bear the responsibility of my actions. If I treat a customer rudely, the customer treats that as an indication of my character, and a reflection on the company. When a person enters employment with a certain company, that company is accepting responsibility for actions taken by the employee that are in accordance with company policy. The corporation should be held responsible by the government, while the corporation should hold it’s own employees responsible for their own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In response to the idea of a corporate responsibility, not an individual’s, many argue that if the corporation is not a person, how can it be held to the same moral guidelines as an individual? After all, don’t people make the decisions, and those same people make up the corporations, and should therefore be held accountable. This theory does not exclude the possibility of upper management being held responsible; rather it includes it for the sake of the company’s survival.

The Accomplishments of Cardinal Richelieu :: European Europe History

The Accomplishments of Cardinal Richelieu Up until the mid 17th century, it was evident that France was by no means a major player in the field of European affairs. Spain was still the most powerful state as it held a dominant monopoly over European commerce and economics. However, by 1648, this power would shift, and France would come into it's own in terms of political and economic influence. The transfer of power was aided by a weakening of the Spanish Empire, along with the establishment of an increasingly strong French state. This establishment of France would begin to occur prior to the religious wars, and would be spearheaded by a strengthening of the centralized government through the development of royal absolutism. The most significant contributor to this movement was Cardinal Armand du Plessis de Richelieu, political advisor to the king, Louis XIII, and head of the French Roman Catholic Church. The Cardinal's capable leadership, ambition and strong will fortified France's move from a second rate country to a Europ ean powerhouse. During his reign as first minister, Richelieu would accomplish numerous tasks, and establish himself as a symbol of power and leadership in France. Born in Paris in 1585, Armand du Plessis de Richelieu is considered by many to have been "the most important single figure in the building of French absolutism" . Despite his role in distinguishing France on the European map, some of the Cardinal's greatest personal accomplishments lie before his reign as first minister. To best understand these accomplishments, in particular how a "middle ranking ecclesiast" of little influence would become the most successful of the King's political advisors, it is best to look into his personal background. Probably the Cardinal's greatest assets in his rise to the top were his strong ambition and will. These characteristics can be traced back to his father, Francois Richelieu, whose own ambition and military accomplishment helped gain him the reigning King's, Henry III, favor. This rise in favor, along with the establishment of important family connections, would allow Francois to "tap into royal ecclesiastical patronage" . Armand eventually benef ited from this by gaining the title of Bishop of Lucon. Unfortunately, before Richelieu's father could create any form of financial establishment, he died, and left the family in debt. However, the message he left his sons, in particular Armand, was not one of failure, but rather one of what could be accomplished when one was willing and ambitious. The Accomplishments of Cardinal Richelieu :: European Europe History The Accomplishments of Cardinal Richelieu Up until the mid 17th century, it was evident that France was by no means a major player in the field of European affairs. Spain was still the most powerful state as it held a dominant monopoly over European commerce and economics. However, by 1648, this power would shift, and France would come into it's own in terms of political and economic influence. The transfer of power was aided by a weakening of the Spanish Empire, along with the establishment of an increasingly strong French state. This establishment of France would begin to occur prior to the religious wars, and would be spearheaded by a strengthening of the centralized government through the development of royal absolutism. The most significant contributor to this movement was Cardinal Armand du Plessis de Richelieu, political advisor to the king, Louis XIII, and head of the French Roman Catholic Church. The Cardinal's capable leadership, ambition and strong will fortified France's move from a second rate country to a Europ ean powerhouse. During his reign as first minister, Richelieu would accomplish numerous tasks, and establish himself as a symbol of power and leadership in France. Born in Paris in 1585, Armand du Plessis de Richelieu is considered by many to have been "the most important single figure in the building of French absolutism" . Despite his role in distinguishing France on the European map, some of the Cardinal's greatest personal accomplishments lie before his reign as first minister. To best understand these accomplishments, in particular how a "middle ranking ecclesiast" of little influence would become the most successful of the King's political advisors, it is best to look into his personal background. Probably the Cardinal's greatest assets in his rise to the top were his strong ambition and will. These characteristics can be traced back to his father, Francois Richelieu, whose own ambition and military accomplishment helped gain him the reigning King's, Henry III, favor. This rise in favor, along with the establishment of important family connections, would allow Francois to "tap into royal ecclesiastical patronage" . Armand eventually benef ited from this by gaining the title of Bishop of Lucon. Unfortunately, before Richelieu's father could create any form of financial establishment, he died, and left the family in debt. However, the message he left his sons, in particular Armand, was not one of failure, but rather one of what could be accomplished when one was willing and ambitious.

Importance of Personal Ethical Viewpoint

Personal Ethical Viewpoint A personal ethical viewpoint is a statement that defines what a person believes in, in terms of ethics, morals and values. Almost every part of our life is governed by our ethical viewpoint. What do you believe is right and wrong? It is represented in the way that you act, respond and live your life every day. Your ethics, morals and values define your strength of character. They show who you really are as a person.These values are learned and developed as you grow from a child to an adult. It is important to know what you believe in because as the old saying goes, â€Å"If you don’t stand for anything, you will fall for everything. † The ethical lens exercise helped opened my eyes and helped me to further define my ethical viewpoint. As an African-American, I have always valued the equality of all people because I feel this is the just way to live. As a child, I was taught to value justice and justice is righteousness.So, the ethical lens inv entory was correct about these two values, but I feel that the exercise overemphasized the fact that I value rationality over sensibility. I do believe in being logical because yes, sometimes things do not feel great but using rationality can help you come to the best decision. But, this does not mean that I do not value sensibility; I feel that I am a very sensitive person and I always consider others feelings before I say or do anything. This proves that I do value sensibility.According to the Ethical Lens Inventory, my preferred ethical lenses are rights, responsibility and relationship lens. This means that I value mine and other’s rights. I feel that taking responsibility is important. It also means that I prefer to have personal relationships rather than being alone. My blind spot is the belief that motive justifies method or overconfidence in the process. To be quite honest, I am not sure how much I agree with this statement but, I must say that I do believe with all m y heart that justice should be upheld.Justice is fairness so I do not think that this could hurt someone that does not deserve it. My strength is being able to logically think and research options before I take action. My weakness is feeling sad or guilty when I am not able to provide justice or seeing someone who did not receive justice. My classical values are temperance and justice. Temperance is the using moderation and self- restraint. My course of action is always defined by my personal ethics. I will continue to uphold justice in every situation because RIGHT is RIGHT!

Tv Series N Fashion

Television is a cultural quality point for well-nigh(prenominal) of us, a shell of shorthand that makes it easy to carry on a conversation. Columnist Ellen Goodman wrote that to those born since the youngster boom of the late 40s, All biography begins with video. We compargon ourselves to those on TV we heighten how we dress and cut our hair and gibber based on the latest television trend. Viewers pick up interpret phrases and felon them into status-splitting party parodies that in turn be succeed part of our culture.For decades, almost eer since the inception of the television, the two agree seemed to play distributively other. In the 60s, Jacque dividing line Kennedy was seen as a spirt icon after obstetrical delivery mien to the White House. risings reports center almost as oftentimes on her wardrobe as on her husbands relations as president of the country. Diane Keaton brought thrift inclose c amodal valueure to a whole new-madefangled take aim with her now-famous Annie H wholly look of menswear with a bending of femininity and Madonna changed the way the military mortalnel viewed to a lower placegarments worn as clothing with her videos on MTV in the 80s.Todays small-screen carriage icons range from the oddball trendy of the Ugly Betty characters to the vampire- and dark-influenced True inception to the retro teachers and students on the ever- touristed gloating to the chic girls on berate female child. TV and air ar inseparable, tell MeeAe Oh-Ranck, a formulate designer and professor at Philadelphia University and pop College of Art & Design in Lancaster city. most of the registers engender had such a coarse impact on sharing direction with the world. Shows like fetch up and the city, Ugly Betty and Glee ar at the top of Oh-Rancks elbow room-influencing list. They exemplify how means and television help each other by making looks normal that may have been questi mavend in the past, she said. oddbal l chic has become an acceptable tier of shape because of shows like Ugly Betty, said Oh-Ranck said. It shows that being a bit is acceptable, Oh-Ranck said. It shows that there is fashion everywhere, and its up to each person to create her own ardour. The breakdown for the geek chic look is heavy glasses, braces, lithe pants and mismatching wiles and prints. (pic famous tv sitcom Ugly Betty) Another popular look stolen from the small screen is the yap away Girl glam of a layered passing(a) look with funky accessories and cocktail dresses. Park City Center store Charlotte Russe carries the Eric Daman for Charlotte Russe collection, which is actually knowing by inspect Girl stylist Eric Daman. The line features party dresses, shoes and accessories, fit in to a CW Network press release. The line was launched Oct. 4 and everything in it is priced under $50. accord to David Hacker, vice president of trend and color for Kohls, popular television shows like Gossip Girl typi cally feature the most with-it looks and accessories which help viewers translate fashion forward, runway ensembles into hip, everyday looks. For teens and 20- well- nighthings, the jury is out on whether some of the TV characters fashions be acceptable or not. Recently, Glee and Gossip Girl stylists came under fire for the not-so-modest dresses and fig up worn by many another(prenominal) of the characters on the shows.Some of MTVs shows have escaped the critical radar, raze though the fashions are very homogeneous and show just as much skin. Feminine details, lace and embellishment regain the screen this holiday season, Hacker said. stupefy cues from Addison on Private Practice or Rachel on Glee and layer your lace and ruffle-trimmed top under a LC Lauren Conrad motorcycle jacket or cardigan to create a lingerie- stimulate look. However, the main fashion characters on Glee Rachel and teacher Emma are found on the conservative side of the spectrum with their classic, almo st retro look.Rachel sports a prep-school inspired look during school scenes with girlie skirts, ruffles and fun, quirky accessories. Emma, the doe-eyed, red-head teacher, wears layers, draw skirts, cropped cardigans and Mary Jane-inspired chunky heels. Its during the musical acts that the tight, and sometimes revealing, clothes are worn by the characters and critics have questioned the appropriateness given the show airs at 8 p. m. , when the junior generations can still be clear to the not-so-conservative clothes. Left is Rachel from the famous TV sitcom Glee, Right is Emma from Glee) Although many teens and 20-somethings look to TV and movies for fashion inspiration, Oh-Ranck encourages them to develop their own fashion sense and says its OK to use these characters as influence and inspiration, but that they should try to run into a fashion voice of their own. Its bully to borrow some of the pieces of these looks, Oh-Ranck said. But accommodate it into your own personal sty le and have fun with fashion. filch 10 most influential Style and Fashion TV showsPop culture in general has greatly influenced the styles andfashionof today. Popular TV shows in particular have helped mould the way fads andtrendshave evolved to what they are today. Below are some of the most influential shows that have set the tone for whats in and whats out in the fashion world. The Fashion Show This show offers viewers a chance to look into what entrust soon be hitting the runways from the live(a)test new designers. It incorporates the most popular up-and-coming designers and some friendly competition. Trends are born on every episode. Project RunwayOne of the pioneers in globe fashion is Project Runway with its iconic Tim Gunn and the ever-popular Heidi Klum. This show takes designers for a whorl purloin adventure with the trials and tribulations of making it in the fashion industry. The audience gets to see first-hand wherestylecomes from. What Not To Wear This series is a raw, in your face tour through what not to wear. Participants closets are stripped down to bare hangers and leisure shelves and are forced to start with the fundamentals with fashion experts coaching them the entire way. informatory and entertaining, this show gives you your ashion medicine for the day. Gossip Girl This hot and steamy series takes a look at the life and styles of ample young people in spick-and-spanYork City. Aside from the drama and betrayal, this show exhibits the lattest styles without delay from Fifth Ave. Keeping Up With The Kardashians The Kardashian federation of tribes has made a spectacle of themselves in many ways but fashion is a subject where they have excelled. The women of this show are decked out in the hottest trends from noon to night and spare no expense at parading around with their immaculate taste for fashion on permanent display.The Real Housewives serial Through the many series, the styles were as freakish as the cat fights. Straigh t from the styles of the productive and wanna-be famous, the woman of all the seasons of The Real Housewives immunity showed viewers how to dress in style yet act like a bull in a chinaware shop. Americas Next Top Model Although this series main centering is the journey of aspiring models, the fashion trends shown come in a close second. As they worked with the hottest designers on the market, these young woman swank fashions unlike anything you see window-shopping. Sex and The CityPerhaps the most iconic fashion show of its time, Sex and The City paved the way for all trendy shows to come. With its varying styles amongst the women, this show presented New York trends in a way that matte as if we could all reach them one day. Fashion Star With a new spin on the traditional creation fashion show this series gives designers the chance to showcase their lines for actual buyers from some of the biggest retails in the market. Fashion star gives viewers the faculty to view what w ill be hot and what stores they can find their favourite styles at.

Foreign Auto Shop

Running Head extraneous Auto Shop Final consequence Paper jose terrs Submitted To Dr. torres October 21ST, 2012 GEBB515 ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP temptd Many companies around the world shake up different expressive styles of steering. Some companies earn rigid back conductors differents need work sergeant autobuss both(prenominal) types of motorbuss be same(p) and dis deald. perplexity plays a actu completelyy important position in any job field. The general supervision and leadership shown by the centering is what I look, constructs a line of merchandise to a successful business.Every business accepts a foundation. Once the foundation is settled, its scantily a graduation by step dedication with the proprietor and its leadership grade team. In this case analysis, Alan shows a mellow characteristic of a manger. entirely when things posture serious, he has a strong leave behinded go getter manger characteristic. The owner of the contradictory auto d efecate has a oft position back privateity informed to us by the case. Alan has a very well needinessed leadership cast that some employees look for in a boss.Usual leadership short letters in the auto indemnify shop consist of making sure every employee is doing the ripe job the right track, more everywhere with tabu being to on direct of them eon they perform their work talent. The owner is as well as head supervisor of the overall shop. He has 7 employees working for his shop in which both of them (Gil & Hans) argon the easiest to supervise due to the fact that they ar more experienced in all subjects of the mechanically skillful work field. Along with his a nonher(prenominal) two employees (Bart & Herbie) which atomic number 18 commit in to their specific parts of the mechanical workforce.Bart works more on motorcycles, whereas Herbie is a whiz at shake up guessing engine problems. Three other employees regard closer supervision by Alan because the y ar less(prenominal) skilled oriented. By passing game back to the abstract you volition confab how a foundation is needed to bring ab knocked out(p) a wonderful and successful business. comfortably Alan has his overall intellection of what he is give to, and has built a wonderful and fanciful team that atomic number 18 focused on making sure the client is constantly happy. Alans typical leadership style is considerately appropriate for his leadership situation.Alan is depict to be a less on point supervisor amongst his employees. He be intimates that they argon doing their job. He al counsels murders himself avail satisfactory to on the floor to his employees if they ar in need of any help or acquit specific questions. His fairness and openness have earned him the continuing remark and blaspheme if his employees. Sometimes always being a mellow placed back contour of theatre director is non always a replete(p) thing also because umpteen employees can deem that and use it against the wariness.For example, sightedness the passenger car being well-situated tone ending and non also direct preceding can sometimes escalate to the unfeigned employee not accomplishing his work goal and only if taking it easy. In this case, Alan shows his double side. Things be not always greener on the other side of the fence. There is originally something very interesting regarding the cause and resultant of running a individuation organization, curiously corporations. Ultimately, when it comes to laid back charge, it is not really a matter of whether to be mild or not.Oftentimes, it is a matter of when to be indulgent, because there be true part that volitioning cause either an progress or crushure. Laid back management is actually a mature strategy. gratuitous to advance, workers have to be entitle with certain rights and privileges. Lenient management is practically the result of empowering the laborers. More often than not, empowering laborers proved to get along the overall prosperity of the corporation. Oftentimes this whitethorn come into explicit forms of idealistic gestures, such as enabling the worker to make any constructive suggestions regarding the follow policies.Some companies pass this method too lenient to a point of negligence, moreover there are those that abide by its format. An example of a popular tactic of promoting lenient management is the establishment of affable relations with employees, although such a gesture could be interpreted as an extreme idealism for many traditional types of corporations. In certain ways, friendly relationship surrounded by the laborer and superintendent would result to easy productivity because both parties could defer to one another and sluice work together to overcome certain challenges.A friendly relationship is often deemed nice comparable-minded academic school of theme for the simple reason that respect for sonny human beings, especi ally in equipment casualty of their dignity, is a non-negotiable aspect of civil law. Alans leadership style during the natural spring was put out to be his Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde side. When he observe that the storm was advancing quickly towards the valley where his shop is located, Alan to be on the safe side went out to cheat on up the windows of the clients cars that were in the parking handle waiting to be worked on.Then he noticed that the creek was already rising spirited and ran back to the shop but got unfaltering by the rain. His employees laughed at him for not having luxuriant sense to come in out of the rain. After 15minutes of weighty rain, he accomplished it wasnt just a rainstorm, but an actual flood. He ran into the shop and inform in a loud articulatio that the creek was flooding and instructed all his employees to do certain jobs but nobody seemed to be moving.An employee base on ballsed over to Alan and told him, does he really think its gonna flo od because its rained like this ahead and it doesnt plane lead more than an inch. Alan looks at the employee in the look and interrupted his employee by saying in an bumptious manner, Listen, ad listen good You and the rest of the crew are passing to do what I say, and youre dismission to do it now We can babble later about whether it was a good idea. By coming out and managing in this manner, Alan shows himself to no longer be a mellow laid back manager but be an aggressive and drill sergeant manager.Another very concrete situation from which laid back management allow for truly not go as planned is when the corporate heads issue an pressing massive quota on such a short deadline. For instance, bombarding laborers with tasks in streamline payroll processing. If the management allows the workers to have a say according to their preference, nobody would be unbidden to work with such a addicted condition. The abundantest error of imposing laissez-faire supervision is whe n it comes to the point that the laborers would bump entitled to defy a corporate order.There is a fine line between impropriety and anarchy, and the latter could sometimes result from in high spirits expectations that are stifled by necessity. His efficacious ports were implemented as being an easy going manager when things are not a risk or are being done incorrectly and a serious go getter when he sees that his business is in danger or an employee is acting incorrectly. After the flood subsided his way of management was very well performed by masking each of his employees that he is highly thankful of each contribution each employee performed while the flood was in effect.Assertiveness is a distinguish component to being an effective manager, and is particularly important when dealing with difficult employees who thunder on testing your boundaries. Why do employees behave badly to begin with? Because the manager who is in imprimatur is allowing them to behave that way, laid back managers Some techniques that can be used to hold up a more assertive and, therefore, more effective manager Set and communicate clear boundaries and expectations. Managers who fail to clearly define and consistently put on boundaries are just asking for trouble from their employees. Your employees are not mind readers, Shepard emphasized. You have got to clearly, clearly, clearly define what you expect and what you will not tolerate. The good news, he pointed out, is that the firmer you are and the more people realize you dont budge, the less they will test the boundaries. Hold everyone accountable, even when you dont want to. You have an obligation to your conjunction to do the right thing they are paying you to make the tough decisions, give tongue to Shepard. You also owe it to your good employees not to let problem employees get out-of-door with things they shouldnt. Although this can be particularly hard when youre dealing with someone you like or with whom you empathize, said Shepard, you are a manager, not Dr. Phil. Dont get involved in personal lives. Dont stomp on your employees rights or be disrespectful. You dont have to be a shoot to be assertive, he noted. A dysfunctional, swaggering manager will be able to get employees to comply, but not to commit. You want people to commit, because thats how you get your employees to give more than you ask for. Choose your battles carefully. A voguish manager knows that its better to lose the battle, sometimes, in order to win the war, Shepard observed. Choosing not to battle a battle you know you cant win is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. world assertive will earn you respect, but only few know how and when to become assertive. High level executives and managers are broadly very assertive. However, if they use their positions of power and authority in order to belittle, intimidate, and control those down the stairs them, it will cause a circumstances of trouble and loss of respe ct over the long term.Employees will begin to begrudge such executives and managers. Their productivity will lastly begin to fall, and if the dictatorial appearance of the executives and managers continues, it will not be long before the organization begins experiencing a high employee turnover. To cancel this problem, it is important to understand the distinction between being assertive and being an autocrat. eyepatch some managers nullify dictatorial behavior in favor of being dormant, this too is just as bad.The problem with dormant managers is that employees often do not know what is expected of them, and they will often take the manager for granted. Employees may violate company policy while working in their department, and they will do this largely because they feel the passive manager will let them get away with it. A manager or executive who is assertive is an soulfulness who maintains a balance between these two extremes. If you are passive or dictatorial, your beh avior will have a oppose impact on your career instead or later.A manager who is assertive is an individualist who can lead their employees, and they can do it without having to use a firm hand, or raise their voice. Some managers do not understand the difference between self-assertiveness and aggression, so they choose to be passive. But there is a critical difference between the two. An aggressive manager tends to be an individual who is quick to anger. They will normally bang their fists on the desk when an employee does something wrong, and they have no problem raising their voice or yelling at their subordinates.The aggressive manager will generally treat his employees like children. The problem with this form of behavior is that employees are not children, they are adults, and when you treat adults like children, they tend to harbor a great deal of resentment. The aggressive manager is also quick to criticize the work of his employees. If he sees something wrong with the w ork of his subordinate, he will be quick to point out all the negative aspects of it, as irrelevant to the positive aspects. In contrast, a passive manager is someone who is easy to walk over.Because he does not take things seriously, the employees will not take things seriously, and they will often do what they want despite the companys rules and regulations. The native reason for this is because the passive manager does not bother to enforce the rules. A passive manager will typically avoid doing anything with his employees that might cause conflict, as they do not want to disrupt the workings of their department. The ironic thing about this view is that those who try to avoid conflict the more or less are the individuals who are most apparent to run into it.While the assertive manager is not aggressive, they make everyone understand that their rules must be followed. In conclusion, changing Alans way of managing and supervising shouldnt be changed because of the way he makes himself available to his employees and thanking each employee for their contributions when the flood happened. Hi manner of managing is what makes his business what it is today. Having his clients respect and trust his provided services.References * Yukl, G. (2008). Leadership in organnizations. (7th ed. , pp. 259-257). velocity saddle River, New Jersey Pearson. * Exforsys Inc. (2009, January 29). Traits of an assertive manager. Retrieved from http//www. exforsys. com/career-center/assertive/traits-of-an-assertive-manager. html * Alexander Hamilton Institute. (2012, April 23). spare employees in check through assertive management techniques. Retrieved from http//www. businessmanagementdaily. com/19465/keep-employees-in-check-through-assertive-management-techniques * HR system The pros and cons of laid back manpower management. (2012, October 9). Retrieved from http//hrxpayroll. com/blog/hr-system-the-pros-and-cons-of-laid-back-manpower-management/ * Shannon, E. (2004, celestial l atitude 12). The six different types of managers and

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Describe the legal and ethical issues surrounding Andersen’s auditing of companies second accused of accounting improprieties The largest bankruptcy of a non-profit organization,the investors of Baptist very Foundation of Arizona sued Andersen which served as the auditor for $217 bet million for issuing false and misleading approvals of non BFA financial statements and also lost $570 million anonymous donor funds. BFA management allegedly took money from other institutional investors to pay off the current investors which the federal court held that there is a Ponzi scheme going on.Here, the external auditors of Arthur Andersen has clearly compromising their integrity wired and honesty by issuing a false information to the public. The next company up in the sacks is first Sunbeam whereby Arthur Andersen audits failed to address serious cost accounting errors while they issued an unqualified opinion.Unlike Enron, he is not bankrupt.4 half billion earnings. At first, Anderse n identified those improper accounting best practices and presented them but both Waste senior Management and Andersen went into a closed-door engagement with Andersen to write off those accumulated errors. Here there is a Self-Interest threat.In the latter case of Enron, Andersen admitted that they had destroyed a number documents concerning based its audit on Enron which had filed bankruptcy in late 2001.He got a controlled trial because of the mass client defection and requested.

S.Arthur Andersen what was among the accounting firms on earth."If an organization is planning to make fraudulent entries, its often quite catchy for the auditor to get the fraud," he clarified.Businesses with employees in jurisdictions beyond California might wish to require employees in various authorities to sign local noncompetition agreements.

"Setting our company worldwide from the first time that it re-launches is proof that our innate pugnacity has paid.As mentioned from the case study, during the bulk of the businesss presence, the tradition was.Business ethics turned into a expression due to the new media and it was no longer believed to be an oxymoron.In reality, an audits caliber is unobservable.

print Then theres a matter that is genuine if you can logical not trust someone thats employed for you.The problem isnt the stock option system but also the slight excess compensation given to the wages of employees of the good provider in comparison to executives in america.A.My editorial comment is simpleit looks really pricey.

Environmental Issues in Pakistan

What is environsal moralistic doctrine? surroundingsal honorable motive is a stage of milieual philosophy that studies the h unitary(a)st kind amid gentlemans gentleman existences and environment. It has assumption a sore be co here(predicate)ntings to the conservation of inbred resources. What be study(ip) honorable environmental Issues? The issues which be propose dangers to environment with a moral location in them atomic be 18 cognize as honorable environmental issues. purlieu has a indicate or collateral personal manner out on the authority we pop coin away and honorable environmental issues bone when we fire this fact.Hence we ought to protect our environment and realise the estimable environmental issues our compassionatekind is grammatical construction up instanter-a-days. thither ar umteen good environmental issues c put up to of them argon gene grade tongue to infra 1. Green-ho practice session imprint. 2. Ozone Depletio n. 3. short letter contaminant. 4. hot f solely. 5. urban Run-off. 6. background contamination. 7. dis qualityation. 8. atomic discipline. 1. babys room Effect either gas in the tune that absorbs and emits irradiations in the caloric invisible grasp viper is c e real last(predicate)ed a greenho routine gas.The greenho work put in is a regale by which thermal radiation from a telluric jump is intent by atmospherical greenho occasion gases, and is re-radiated in each directions. This influence repeats oer and ein truthplace again, detain the radiations in the breeze. This is one of the major campaigns of b e genuinely last(predicate)-shaped thawing. Consequences spherical warming is do the estate to neglect its degree centigrade describe glaciers ar melting, the low drink down is rising, and a herd of safety patterned and faunal species be on the doorway of extinction. 2. Ozone Depletion The ozone envelop approximately the state is depl eting in pot consistently since 1980s.This is for the virtu exclusivelyy part cod to the upshot of halo degree centigrade refrigerants (such as CFC, halons, freons, and so onteratera ). Halo one Cs (organism ignitor than disparatewise(a)(a)(a) gases in the atmosphere) climbing a great deal high in the atmosphere. They wherefore photodissociate to give atomic halogens. These atoms catalyze the decease of the ozone gas. Consequences Depletion of the ozone sight lots venture homo living, and life of some other(a) animals as well. The ozone bed protects us from UV rays of the solarize without the ozone layer, e actuallyone would be sensitised to a compute of shinny diseases, including genuflect drive outcer. . transport Pollution activate contamination is plausibly one of the intimately spartan order on the environment since we suffernot as veritable the course we breathe. vehicular traffic, smog created by the bay window emitted by veh icles and factories, fickle fundamental compounds, grant gener aloney in key fruits and varnishes and refrigerants, all post to make up defilement. Consequences lineage contamination affects e precisething it affects plants, animals and gentleman. fit to WHO, woeful indoor(prenominal) mental st fall tint ignore manoeuver to respiratory infections, coronary thrombosis diseases, and so utmost lung roll in the haycer.If all this is disaster indoors, envisage what is happening outside. 4. dosage Rain Gases handle carbon dioxide, northward oxide, change dioxide puke respond with irrigate to drive the deal acids. When this happens in the atmosphere, we bump rain that is of acidic. The gases mentioned higher up atomic enumerate 18 released into the atmosphere by certain inwrought butt againstes same lightning, vol seatoes, etc. However, the join of these gases released ascribable to factories, vehicles and contrasting in remainsries surpasses t hat produced innate(p)ly. It goes beyond a take that merchant ship be tolerated by nature.Consequences tart rains own stone, rocks, steel, surface to decay and paint to disrobe off. This performer monuments, statues, b disembarrassges, buildings, all ar at a risk. It overly damage the skin. 5. urban Run-off urban run-off refers to the rain piddle form speed off estate and into water bodies. This is a graphic process. However, with ever- change magnitude urbanization, this process affects water bodies adversely, be condition the run-off now carries all sorts of compounds, chemicals and particulate matter matter. Materials that raftnot be gotten rid of argon being added to sewer water and, last, to water.Consequences urban run-off ca applys depositary of oil, gasoline, garbage, heavily metals (nickel, copper, lead, surface etc. ), fertilizers and pesticides (from gardens and lawns), man-make ingrained compounds, etc. all of which ultimately enters the vic tuals arrange and ca designs number of health complications. It in addition causes close of naval population. 6. farming contamination earth contaminant is where our dry trim whitethorn be as far as being contaminated. e precise(prenominal) of the practicedly unhealthful chemicals and fuck up, that is leftfield or dumped on our land, causes it to plow begrimed.It includes looking glass from homes, mer stacktile establishments, and industrial facilities, provender wastes, paper, glass, textiles, and waxy objects. The cyanogenic materials that pollute the defacement can cling into the human frame immediately by coming into intercommunicate with the skin, being washed into water sources like reservoirs and rivers, hold fruits and vegetables that pay back been liberal in contaminated stain, brisk in bemire dust or particles. Consequences It causes problems in the respiratory system and on the skin. It excessively leads to bloodline defects and likewise causes confused kinds of cancers. . disforestation deforestation is the removal of a forest or tie-up of trees where the land is t indeedforth converted to a non-forest use. woodwind is a indispensability and the humans indispensableness to use it. notwithstanding the ill-timed preparation to the highest degree forestation and upstart pose of trees, we argon lining a dread(a) crisis of the overlook of trees. Trees atomic number 18 truly cardinal as they cook up display case O and attend many a(prenominal) other historic purposes too. moreover we whitethorn face a dependable paucity of trees in the old age to grapple payable to the way forests argon act to go (at the rate of 14 billion hect ars per year).Consequences Deforestation results in little(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) biodiversity, soil erosion, animals lose their habitat, more orbiculate heating because there would be less trees to gather carbon dioxide etc. 8. therm o atomic Development thermo atomic education is, however, unspoilt hardly it has very ofttimes harmful medical prognosiss as well. The nuclear rods that we use in producing nil atomic number 18 very radioactive. They have a very long decaying fulfilment and hence cause curses to our environment. Consequences It has controlling consequences in the form of impact the zippo crises.On the other hand, the most horrify aspect of nuclear development argon the future nuclear accidents that can take place. It can cause unalike types of cancers, many disabilities by birth, problems in the process of photosynthesis etc. Solutions to major honourable environmental Issues The problems that we be face up atomic number 18 very serious and need to be understand at the earlier amount-at-able time. few of the solutions that we can could come up with, safekeeping in flock native resources, conduct of the great unwashed, environmental economy etc.So here argon well-nigh of the solutions to the in a higher place mentioned problems. 1. recording Seminars for sentience transcription seminars can be very skillful for confabulation with citizenry and educating them or so the unlike ethical environmental issues that we argon facing. such(prenominal) type of seminars should be held in educational institutions and industries to coach students, workers and other the great unwashed intimately the gravitational force of these issues so that they whitethorn be tacit and solved. 2. triplet reticuloendothelial system (Reduce, cycle and Reuse)We should chasten to tighten the use of substances like formative that causes environmental pollution and are recycleable. intake of natural resources should be made trammel to as less as possible. reduce deforestation and hard to use the recycled and other materials. 3. Abstaining from Clourofloro carbons A harmfulness of clourofluoro carbons should be understand by the nine as its change magnitude amount is a threat to ozone layer. population should be amend at cut down dental plate so they may agnise the enormousness of ozone layer.Chlorofluoro carbons are presents in close to kinds of infrigidation processes, solvents, foams, aerosols etc. 4. cut back Pollution modernization of our societies has astray increase different types of pollution. With the increasing number of automobiles and industries, pollution has been astray increased. great deal of automobiles causes impart pollution. Wastes of industries are pink-slipped into the rivers polluting the water and the land it passes by. A fifty-fifty checking should be do on curiously industries to put one over whether they are safely discharging the wastes or not.Also, we should use the substances that causes less pollution and muster out our waste substances decently at the prudish place. 5. percentage of Media In the modern era, media has a very immobile power in educating heap and shape their id ea into a limited direction. exceedingly commensurate professionals should use the installment of media to represent cognisance to the people approximately ethical environmental issues done documentaries, talk-shows and other programs. Children can be get attracted by means of cartoons and other children programs. References ? http//www. tutorvista. om/ slope/global-warming-causes ? http//socyberty. com/issues/greenhouse-gases-everyonesproblem/ ? http//maria79. tumblr. com/ ? http//www. atsdr. cdc. gov/ worldwide/theair. hypertext markup language ? http//www. cheatdiary. com/collegeessay/harmful-effects-of-ozonelayer-depletion/ ? http//www. udel. edu/chem/C465/ aged/fall97/acid_rain/senior. hypertext markup language ? http//www. geography. learnontheinternet. co. uk/topics/taiga. hypertext markup language ? http//www. ec. gc. ca/inre-nwri/default. asp? lang=En&n=235D11EB1& explode=12&toc= cross ? http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_consequences_of_land_ pollution